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Process principle and failure analysis of graphite heat exchanger

2020.07.10 Shandong Xinboao

The new generation of graphite heat exchanger has superior performance and advanced processing and manufacturing technology. The graphite used for radiators is generally artificial graphite. There are two processing and manufacturing processes for impermeable stone grinding equipment and its components. One is to glue the tube sheet, tube bundle, baffle, etc. on the bracket into a whole with adhesive, and then install the adhesive into the steel shell after the adhesive is cured, usually called assembling outside the shell, the other The graphite heat exchanger is directly installed in the shell and then bonded in the shell with an adhesive.

The performance of graphite heat exchanger equipment is as follows:

1. The surface is not easy to foul: the affinity between graphite and most media is very small, so the dirt is not easy to adhere to the surface, especially for condensing equipment and crystallization equipment.

2. Excellent corrosion resistance: Various types of carbon and graphite have excellent corrosion resistance to all concentrations of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrofluoric acid, including fluorine-containing media. The highest application temperature is 350℃-400℃, that is carbon The temperature at which graphite starts to oxidize.

3. Excellent thermal conductivity: Graphite has good thermal conductivity. It is a non-metallic material with higher thermal conductivity than metal. The thermal conductivity is twice that of carbon steel and 7 times that of stainless steel, so it is suitable for heat transfer equipment.

4. Resistant to a certain high temperature: The use temperature of impermeable graphite depends on the type of impregnating material. For example, phenolic impregnated graphite can withstand 170-200°C, and if appropriate amount of silicone resin impregnated graphite is added, it can withstand 350°C; when phosphoric acid When deposited on carbon and graphite, the oxidation resistance of carbon and graphite can be improved, and the actual operating temperature can be further increased.

When the graphite heat exchanger is used, if it is used improperly, the pipe will break or the bonding seam will leak. The analysis reasons are as follows:

1. When the system is heating up, because the heating rate is too high, the shell side pressure of the graphite heat exchanger will rise sharply, and the graphite tube will be broken by impact.

2. Uneven heating of graphite heat exchanger tubes.

3. Excessive force during cleaning will also cause damage to the tube.

4. Due to the increase in the use time of graphite heat exchangers, some fouling will occur on the tubes. The expansion coefficient of fouled graphite heat exchange tubes and unscaled graphite heat exchange tubes is different, and the temperature difference stress is overloaded, causing graphite The heat exchange tube is broken.

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